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OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

A trusted ally Denmarks involvement in helping Ukraine

Since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Denmark has allocated €8.5 billion for military aid and €854 million for civilian support to Kyiv. According to data compiled by the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, this sum…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

The NB8 group and other formats of security cooperation in the Baltic Sea region

Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO, cooperation between the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and…
OSW Report | | Iwona Wiśniewska

A game of cat and mouse. How Russia is circumventing sanctions

The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…