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OSW Commentary |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
As the strategic rivalry between Russia and the Western world has intensified, Moscow has increasingly instrumentalised the humanitarian aid it provides in response to crises and disasters as well as its official development assistance (…
OSW Commentary |
| Jan Nowinowski
Independent since 2006, Montenegro continues to pursue a Euro-Atlantic foreign policy direction, although it remains within the sphere of Serbian political, economic, cultural, and media influence. This is manifested in the tangible…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
China is striving to build its own technological ecosystem – one that is not only independent, but also resilient to sanctions and restrictions imposed by the United States, currently the most prolific user of such measures. As a result,…
OSW Commentary |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
The Turkish authorities regard the internet – particularly social media platforms and messaging apps, which are increasingly used by citizens to exchange information rapidly – primarily as a threat: a domain of information warfare enabling…
OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Wankiewicz
Over three decades of independence, Croatia has lost nearly 20% of its population. The main drivers of this depopulation are mass emigration (which gathered pace after the country joined the EU in 2013) and the persistently low birth rate…
OSW Commentary |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
According to the government forecast, the German economy will remain stagnant in 2025, marking the third consecutive year without GDP growth. The CDU/CSU–SPD coalition faces the urgent task of implementing comprehensive reforms aimed at…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine served as a catalyst for Estonian diplomacy. The narrative of a country of one million people on the periphery of the European Union, warning of the real threat posed by Russia, has become one of the most…
OSW Commentary |
| Ilona Gizińska
One year ahead of Hungary’s parliamentary elections, Viktor Orbán, who has been in power for 15 years, faces a formidable challenger. Péter Magyar, a previously little-known Fidesz activist, began to play a major role in Hungarian politics…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
Slovakia, like other countries in the region, is grappling with serious demographic challenges. The number of deaths is increasingly outpacing the number of births, largely due to a declining fertility rate, and the migration balance is…