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Point of View |
| Marek Menkiszak
French President Emmanuel Macron has proclaimed the need to engage in dialogue with Russia and work with it to build an architecture of trust and security in Europe; he has managed to partially revive the channels of communication (…
OSW Report |
| Andrzej Wilk
In the 2010s, Minsk lost the remnants of its independent defence capabilities and completely ceded the initiative to Moscow in this regard, remaining content with the appearance of sovereignty. The process of Belarusian-Russian military…
Point of View |
| Justyna Gotkowska
Since 2008, Swedish security policy has drawn keen interest from the countries of the Nordic and Baltic states, NATO, as well as the US and Russia. The allied member states have hoped to see Sweden join NATO, while Russia has sought to…
OSW Report |
| Michał Kędzierski, Rafał Bajczuk
For years, Germany has claimed to be the leader of global climate policy and has continued to raise the issue of global warming on the international forum. All over the world, Germany is associated with the transition to renewable energy…
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The digital transformation has become one of the Russian government’s economic priorities during Vladimir Putin’s fourth presidential term. At its core has been the development of ICT infrastructure, and especially the deployment of fifth-…
OSW Report |
| Kamil Kłysiński, Wojciech Konończuk
The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2014 became a turning point in Belarus’s historical narrative and forced the regime to emphasise Belarusian distinctiveness from Russia more than before. The activation of the politics of…
Point of View |
| Andrzej Sadecki
The 1920 Peace Treaty of Trianon, which sealed Hungary’s loss of two thirds of its territory, is regarded as the country’s greatest national tragedy. The disintegration of the multinational Kingdom of Hungary, which left large Hungarian…
OSW Report |
| Wojciech Górecki
The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh is the ‘mother’ of all post-Soviet conflicts. It is the oldest of them, it involves the largest number of actors (including mediators and intermediaries), and also covers the most dimensions: military,…
Point of View |
| Konrad Popławski
The German automotive sector’s strong global position is one of the country’s greatest economic success stories. In 2018, two out of the three top global automakers achieving the highest sales volumes originated from Germany, and 80% of…
Point of View |
| Jolanta Darczewska
Rosgvardiya is the largest internal security structure in Russia. It has been assigned independent functions (policing and intervention, critical infrastructure security, oversight of security contractors and private gun owners), and…