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OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak

High unemployment and labour shortages paradoxes in Ukraines wartime labour market

Even before Russia’s full-scale invasion, the Ukrainian labour market lacked transparency due to the enormous shadow economy, involving as many as 3 million people and generating more than 30% of the country’s GDP. The war has acted as a…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

Build with Ukraine Kyivs new approach to defence industrial cooperation with European partners

Since mid-2025, Kyiv has intensified its efforts to develop defence industrial cooperation with European countries, focusing on the co-production of weapons, particularly unmanned aerial systems, within EU territory.
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak

Racing against the next winter Ukraines energy sector after the heating season

The past winter was the most difficult for Ukraine since the outbreak of the war. This was particularly evident in several major cities, including Kyiv, where residents faced not only prolonged power outages but, in some districts, also…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

An asymmetric neighbourhood Moldovas risks opportunities and fears in its policy towards Ukraine

Ukraine is of existential importance to Moldova. As a state resisting Russian aggression since 2022, and as a neighbour larger and more populous than Romania, it effectively fulfils the role of a guarantor of Moldova’s security. These…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz, Kacper Sienicki

Patience wears thin as Ukraine adopts a harder line on China

Over the past year, Ukraine has redefined its approach to China. This shift reflects the deepening China–Russia relationship, China’s critical role in sustaining Russia’s war effort, and its propaganda support for Moscow in the Global…
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak

Relative stabilisation Ukraines economy on the threshold of the fifth year of war

Ukraine’s effective resistance to the Russian invasion over the past four years would not have been possible without a properly functioning economy. Despite the intensity of the ongoing war, the Ukrainian economy has performed surprisingly…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

A grim reality and a brighter future Ukrainian public sentiment in the fifth year of the war

At the outset of the fifth year of the war, Ukrainian society continues to demonstrate resilience and a willingness to resist the aggressor. Russia’s initiative on the front line and the massive aerial attacks on cities and infrastructure…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year four of the war the front stabilises negotiations stall

Ukraine has survived the fourth, and arguably most difficult, year of the war. Russian forces maintained the initiative and made battlefield advances, but failed to achieve any significant operational gains or to secure a strategic…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

Forging a nationalist model army The political prospects of the Azov Movement

In September 2025, President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a decree awarding the rank of brigadier general to Andriy Biletskyi, one of the most influential and prominent leaders of the Ukrainian nationalist movement. The promotion followed his…