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OSW Commentary | | Filip Rudnik
The fall in Russia’s oil and gas revenues observed since mid-2025, driven by falling global oil prices and a strong rouble, has deepened further owing to steep discounts applied to Russian crude in the final months of last year. These…
OSW Commentary | | Ilona Gizińska
The importance of foreign policy in Hungary’s electoral campaign has increased markedly, although it has not traditionally been one of the principal axes of voter mobilisation. As early as the April 2022 elections – held shortly after…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Strachota
The unrecognised Kurdish autonomy in Syria (the so-called Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria – DAANES/Rojava),[1] was effectively dismantled in January, as a result of an offensive by Syrian government forces and…
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak
Ukraine’s effective resistance to the Russian invasion over the past four years would not have been possible without a properly functioning economy. Despite the intensity of the ongoing war, the Ukrainian economy has performed surprisingly…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak
At the outset of the fifth year of the war, Ukrainian society continues to demonstrate resilience and a willingness to resist the aggressor. Russia’s initiative on the front line and the massive aerial attacks on cities and infrastructure…
OSW Commentary | | Ilona Gizińska
The parliamentary elections on 12 April will test the functioning of Hungary’s electoral system in unprecedented political circumstances, with opinion polls indicating that a single opposition party – TISZA – has a lead over the…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk
Ukraine has survived the fourth, and arguably most difficult, year of the war. Russian forces maintained the initiative and made battlefield advances, but failed to achieve any significant operational gains or to secure a strategic…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Andrzej Kohut
Internal tensions have been rising in the United States over the strategy to combat illegal immigration adopted by the Donald Trump administration. Several factors have contributed to this situation, including intensified deportations…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Matusiak
For many years, Israel under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu has consistently deepened its relations with the European right, including parties of an anti-establishment and nationalist character. An important stage in this process was…