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Analyses | | Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński

Russia is expanding the area under its control around Vovchansk Day 1525 of the war

Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania breakup of the grand coalition and a new phase of the political crisis

On 23 April, six ministers resigned from the Romanian government – those responsible for labour, health, energy, agriculture, transport, and justice – along with Deputy Prime Minister Marian Neacșu and Secretary-General Ștefan-Radu Oprea,…
Analyses | | Bartosz Chmielewski

Estonia assessments of the Russian threat cause friction between Tallinn and Kyiv

On 20 April, the Estonian government criticised Ukraine’s information policy, including public speculation about a possible Russian attack on the Baltic states. This followed a suggestion by President Volodymyr Zelensky that Russia was…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

Build with Ukraine Kyivs new approach to defence industrial cooperation with European partners

Since mid-2025, Kyiv has intensified its efforts to develop defence industrial cooperation with European countries, focusing on the co-production of weapons, particularly unmanned aerial systems, within EU territory.
OSW Commentary | | Sandra Baniak-Stachowiak, Konrad Popławski

Opening Pandoras box Instability in the Persian Gulf as a risk factor for global transport and supply chains

The nearly two-month-long conflict in the Persian Gulf, triggered by US and Israeli attacks on Iran, has caused major disruptions to energy supplies and significantly destabilised international transport corridors. It has also exposed the…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

20th sanctions package the EU signals it will stay the course despite the energy crisis

On 23 April, the Council of the European Union adopted its 20th package of sanctions against Russia. The measures tighten restrictions on Russian oil and LNG exports, including those targeting the operation of the so-called ‘shadow fleet…
Analyses | | Karol Wasilewski

Regional responsibility Turkeys vision for the Middle East

During the Antalya Diplomacy Forum (17–19 April), Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan held talks with his counterparts from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Pakistan at the third consultative meeting this year. He stated that the aim of this…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Lidia Gibadło

Horizon of ambition the military strategy and capability profile of the Bundeswehr

On 22 April, Germany’s Ministry of Defence published a public summary of two classified documents: the Military Strategy and the Bundeswehr Capability Profile. The first outlines Germany’s security environment, the nature of contemporary…
Analyses | | Daria Zielińska

A safer alternative growing interest in the Middle Corridor in Central Asia

According to data from Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Transport, over the past seven years the volume of cargo transported through the country via the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), also known as the Middle Corridor, has…
Analyses | | Sławomir Matuszak

Oil for a loan EU unlocks financial assistance for Ukraine

On 22 April, Slovak Deputy Prime Minister Denisa Saková and Hungary’s MOL oil company confirmed that Ukraine had resumed the transit of Russian oil to Hungary and Slovakia via the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline. Supplies along…