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OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark, Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

Waiting for reforms the future of the German welfare state

Friedrich Merz won the 2025 election on a promise to rebuild the capacity of the state. He pledged to curb illegal migration, take the initiative in European policy and deliver far-reaching economic and social reforms. While a shift in…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Dębiec

Deeper reconciliation or reopening old wounds Controversy over the gathering of the German expellee association in the Czech Republic

The annual gathering of the Sudeten German Homeland Association – the largest organisation representing Germans expelled from Czechoslovakia and their descendants – has sparked considerable political controversy and media debate in the…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark, Lidia Gibadło

A new Ostpolitik Ukraine as a priority of the Merz government

One year after the CDU/CSU–SPD coalition took office, the continuation of civilian and military support for Kyiv remains one of the principal directions of German foreign policy.
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…