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OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO, cooperation between the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and…
OSW Commentary |
| Marta Szpala
The mass protests, ongoing for six months and led primarily by student movements, have highlighted the scale of public frustration with President Aleksandar Vučić’s style of governance. They also point to a shift in the aspirations of…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartłomiej Pierzchała
https://www.osw.waw.pl/sanctions/
High-level analysis of the European Union’s response to the embargo on dual-use item exports to Russia.
Dual-Use Sanctions to Russia
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Frymark
In 2024, a total of 230,000 first-time asylum applications were submitted in Germany – a 30% decrease compared to 2023. This trend deepened in Q1 2025, when 36,000 applications were lodged, representing a year-on-year drop of 45%. The most…
OSW Commentary |
| Marcin Jędrysiak, Tadeusz Iwański
For several months, Ukraine has seen increased political activity from both the government and the opposition. Statements by the US president expressing a desire to swiftly negotiate a Ukrainian-Russian ceasefire, which could pave the way…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
Since the beginning of 2025, Russian oil exporters have faced difficulties that are negatively impacting the state’s oil and gas revenues. Sanctions, combined with a strong rouble and falling global oil prices, are increasingly…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus
On 4 May, the first round of the presidential election will be held in Romania. This will be the country’s second attempt in six months to elect a head of state. The previous vote, held at the end of 2024, culminated in scandal. On 6…
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
The EU embargo on Russian coal and the resulting need to redirect its supplies to other markets have significantly exacerbated the problems faced by Russia’s coal sector, which is finding it increasingly challenging to generate the…
OSW Commentary |
| Zespół Niemiec i Europy Północnej OSW
On 9 April, the leaders of the CDU/CSU and the SPD announced a consensus on a coalition agreement. The 144-page document must still be approved by the respective parties – a process expected to take around three weeks and likely to result…
OSW Commentary |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 9 February, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia synchronised their electricity networks with those of continental Europe (CESA), using the overland interconnector LitPol Link between Ełk in Poland and Alytus in Lithuania. The three countries…