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Analyses |
| Marek Matusiak
On 9 October, Israel, Hamas, and mediators (including Steve Witkoff) signed a document in Egypt concerning the end of the war in Gaza. It provides, among other things, for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from within the Strip, the…
Analyses |
| Maciej Kalwasiński, Michał Bogusz
On 9 October, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced an expansion of oversight of foreign sales of dual-use civilian and military goods, including rare earth metals and the technologies used to produce them, advanced lithium-ion batteries…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Jacek Tarociński
At the beginning of October, unidentified drones were spotted over Munich Airport, disrupting operations at the facility for several hours. This was yet another incident of its kind in recent weeks. At the end of September, drones were…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński
On 3 October, NATO’s Multi-Corps Land Component Command – North (MCLCC-N) was inaugurated in Mikkeli, in east-central Finland. This de facto army-level command is tasked with planning and conducting land operations on NATO’s northern flank.
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The opposition ANO movement, led by oligarch Andrej Babiš, achieved the best result in the parliamentary elections held on 3–4 October, winning 34.5% of the vote and securing 80 seats in the 200-member Chamber of Deputies. With voter…
Analyses |
| Wojciech Górecki
Georgian Dream (GD), the party led by billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, which has been in power for 13 years, secured a decisive victory in Georgia’s local elections on 4 October. According to exit polls, the party received 81.7% of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
The trade war between the United States and China has triggered serious economic repercussions for the EU, including Germany. In response to Washington’s tariff increases in April 2025, Beijing not only raised duties on US goods but also…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 30 September, the Russian government decided to extend restrictions on fuel exports. Until the end of 2025, Russian entities will be completely forbidden from exporting petrol and there will be a partial limitation on the sale of other…