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OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus
Romania has been grappling with exceptionally high public debt since 2020. It was then that the budget deficit reached 9.3% of GDP, prompting the European Union to place the country under the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). Despite this…
OSW Commentary |
| Andrzej Kohut
Recent weeks have been dominated by negotiations involving the United States, Ukraine, and Europe aimed at ending the Russia-Ukraine war, including efforts to draft post-conflict security guarantees for Ukraine and debates surrounding the…
OSW Report |
| Jolanta Darczewska
What is this book about? It demonstrates that the current wartime narrative – namely, that “Russia is the victim of a Western conspiracy and bears no responsibility for the outbreak of the war” – is deeply rooted in a historical and…
OSW Report |
| Maria Domańska, Katarzyna Chawryło
MAIN POINTS
I. THE INTERNET AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIAL LIFE IN RUSSIA
II. THE LAST DOMAIN OF FREEDOM IS SHRINKING.. 3
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Strachota
The so-called Twelve-Day War between Israel and Iran in June 2025 marked the culmination of a decades-long international crisis surrounding Iran. The conflict significantly weakened the Iranian state but failed to resolve the core issue:…
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik, Maciej Kalwasiński
Cooperation in the energy sector, which has long been a key pillar of Russia-China economic relations, has assumed even greater importance since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. For the Kremlin, the sale of fossil fuels to China provides a…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 28 November, Vladimir Putin signed the Russian Federation’s 2026 budget law and approved the overall parameters of the budgets for 2027–28, after the document had passed swiftly through parliament. In drafting next year’s budget, the…
OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Wankiewicz-Kłoczko
Thirty years after the signing of the Dayton Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) remains a state mired in persistent institutional crises. The country’s existing political and constitutional model is a direct legacy of the constitution…
OSW Commentary |
| OSWs Central European Department
The sanctions imposed by the United States on Russia’s two largest oil companies on 22 October carry significant consequences for those Central European countries that have maintained their energy ties to Russia. Although the EU has…
OSW Commentary |
| Sandra Baniak-Stachowiak
On 29 October 2025, the Rijeka Gateway container terminal was officially opened in the presence of Croatian Prime Minister, Andrej Plenković, Danish Foreign Minister, Lars Løkke Rasmussen, and Keith Svendsen, the CEO of APM Terminals,…