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OSW Commentary | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

At the monopolists mercy Germanys dependence on Chinese rare earth elements

… United States, initiated in February 2025 by the Donald Trump administration. By April, the total number of US … lithium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt. [31] President Trump is currently focused on boosting REE production … 2023, lkab.com. [7]  As the conflict escalated further, Trump threatened to raise it to 145%. [8]  M. Large, ‘ …
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Seeking an additional reassurance The EU and France in Estonias security policy

… foreign and security policy that followed when Donald Trump took office. The lack of permanent US military … US military involvement in South-East Asia . Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ is interpreted ambiguously in … organisations such as NATO and the EU. The Trump administration’s image has suffered additionally …
OSW Commentary | | Zespół Niemiec i Europy Północnej OSW

Agency on credit Germany releases the debt brake

… of the policies pursued by the new US president, Donald Trump, ultimately spurred Germany into action. The … defence spending) in forthcoming talks with President Trump and European partners. The Social Democrats and … course, citing a shift in US policy under President Trump as justification. In reality, Merz had long …
OSW Commentary | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

Russias budget under pressure from low oil prices

… of April 2025, triggered by two developments: the Trump administration’s introduction of ‘retaliatory’ … roubles. Moreover, the indirect effects of Donald Trump’s protectionist policies and the trade war with …
OSW Commentary | | OSWs Central European Department

A blow to Russias influence in Central Europe US sanctions target Russias oil sector

… has openly criticised the sanctions imposed by the Trump administration on Russian oil companies; on 7 … own compilation.   [1] I. Wiśniewska, F. Rudnik, ‘ Trump’s first sanctions, the EU’s 19th sanctions …
OSW Commentary | | Konrad Popławski

Turning the tide the US pushes back against Chinese influence in European ports

… The sale, driven in part by pressure from the Donald Trump administration, also presents an opportunity to … role in global shipping. In this context, Donald Trump’s return to power in the United States is … this terminal. A major shift occurred only after Donald Trump returned to office as President of the United …
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

… following the reopening of such dialogue by the Trump administration. Consequently, certain internal …
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

The Kaja Kallas era Estonias high-profile diplomacy

… evolving international landscape following Donald Trump’s return to the US presidency. Tallinn must now … really be trusted’, Kaja Kallas warns ahead of new Trump-Putin call ’, Euronews, 17 March 2025, …
OSW Commentary | | Jan Nowinowski

Waiting for Godot Prospects for resolving the Bulgaria–North Macedonia dispute

… government has sought to strengthen relations with the Trump administration. [15] Political disputes are …
OSW Commentary | | Maciej Kalwasiński

A two-speed economy China on the eve of a trade war

… such as India, Brazil, Mexico and Thailand. With Donald Trump’s policies and China’s growing trade surplus, … 8 January 2025, wsj.com. [4] M. Kalwasiński, ‘ Security trumps growth. China’s economy heading into 2024 ’, OSW, … Kalwasiński, ‘ Trade war 2.0. China responds to Donald Trump’s tariffs ’, OSW, 4 February 2025, osw.waw.pl. …