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OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak, Piotr Żochowski

The Gordian knot of mobilisation Ukraine balancing the needs of the military and business

The increasing number of men who have been granted deferment from military service in recent months and the problems in the implementation of mobilisation plans have urged the Ukrainian authorities to carry out an audit of companies deemed…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Kłysiński

Tough business in tough times Belarusian exports of potash fertilisers

The extraction of potash salts and their processing into fertilisers have long been hallmarks of Belarusian industrial success. The state-owned company Belaruskali accounted for up to 20% of the global market, relying entirely on domestic…
OSW Commentary | | Robert Pszczel

Europes security without America an imperative of the moment or a dangerous idea

For many years, a variety of concepts linked with the so-called European security and defence identity had appeared, vanished and re-emerged in the public space. Numerous terms and ideas related to this concept have been enjoying life of…
OSW Report | | Kamil Kłysiński

The collective economy is ineffective. The state of the belarusian agricultural sector

When compared to other sectors of the Belarusian economy, agriculture is most affected by the country’s Soviet heritage. Since Belarus regained independence, large state-owned farms operating on the basis of the former sovkhozes and…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark

An alternative alliance will Germanys extreme right and extreme left parties join forces

Pro-Russian, anti-EU, and anti-American parties – the far right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the far left Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) – have been gaining ground in Germany. In the September elections to the Landtags in Saxony and…
OSW Report | | Iwona Wiśniewska

Pivot to the east. Russia’s transport policy

As a result of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014, and the ensuing Western sanctions, Russia has reoriented its foreign trade towards the East. This is a permanent shift which stems from Russia’s…
OSW Report | | Jakub Ber, Tadeusz Iwański, Marcin Jędrysiak, Sławomir Matuszak, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski

Defence and determination. Ukraine during the third year of the Russian invasion

The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has continued for over 30 months, without a clear outcome in si
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

Chinas pressure on the Philippines the risk of an escalating conflict

Despite its formal defence alliance with the United States, the Philippines has been grappling with China’s increasing pressure in the South China Sea. The growing number of maritime incidents risks escalating local tensions into a full-…
OSW Commentary | | Andrzej Kohut

The architects of America First and the potential consequences of a Trump victory for European security

The prospect of Donald Trump’s potential victory in the US presidential election raises questions regarding the consequences of his possible presidency for European security. During the election campaign, he repeatedly announced his…