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Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński, Andrzej Kohut, Lidia Gibadło
On 1 May, a spokesperson for the Pentagon announced that the Secretary of Defence (War) had decided to reduce the US military presence in Germany by around 5,000 troops over the next 6 to 12 months, without providing further details.
Analyses | | Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński
Operation Epic Fury, launched against Iran on 28 February, has to a considerable extent been conducted on the basis of US assets permanently stationed in Europe. Europe has also played a logistical role in the United States’ military…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka
Europe’s largest countries have declined to join the initial phase of the US-Israeli strikes against Iran. However, they have condemned the Islamic Republic’s disproportionate and ‘indiscriminate’ retaliatory campaign targeting countries…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska
Since the beginning of January this year, a debate on nuclear deterrence has been under way in Sweden.
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses | | Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Menkiszak
On 17 January, US President Donald Trump announced that he will impose 10% tariffs on products from eight European countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The tariffs are set…