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OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

… trade, and energy policies under President Donald Trump, as well as by certain US actions viewed by the EU … factor is that the key objectives of President Trump’s energy policy include expanding hydrocarbon … pressuring partners into taking actions favoured by the Trump administration, have raised questions about …
OSW Commentary | | Jan Nowinowski

The presidents new clothes Bulgaria ahead of parliamentary elections

… European public opinion and the long shadow of Trump , European Council on Foreign Relations, 12 …
OSW Commentary | | OSWs Central European Department

A blow to Russias influence in Central Europe US sanctions target Russias oil sector

… has openly criticised the sanctions imposed by the Trump administration on Russian oil companies; on 7 … own compilation.   [1] I. Wiśniewska, F. Rudnik, ‘ Trump’s first sanctions, the EU’s 19th sanctions …
OSW Commentary | | Jan Nowinowski

Waiting for Godot Prospects for resolving the Bulgaria–North Macedonia dispute

… government has sought to strengthen relations with the Trump administration. [15] Political disputes are …
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

… nuclear programmes for military purposes in case Donald Trump returns to power and the US withdraws from NATO. … that do not have nuclear weapons, and fear a second Trump presidency or feel vulnerable to Russian nuclear …
OSW Commentary | | Jan Nowinowski

A nationalist voice of protest the resurgence of radical parties in Bulgaria

… shift in global politics, particularly after Donald Trump’s return to power. The change in leadership in …
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus, Adam Michalski, Jan Nowinowski, Jacek Tarociński

Romania Bulgaria and Turkey in the Black Sea region increased cooperation

… US military presence in Europe, as signalled by Donald Trump’s administration, could have significant …