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Analyses | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński
On 23 March, a Ukrainian drone crashed near Lake Lavysas in the Varėna district of Lithuania. It likely veered off course during an attack by unmanned aerial vehicles on the Russian oil terminal in Primorsk, as a result of Russian…
Analyses | | Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński
Operation Epic Fury, launched against Iran on 28 February, has to a considerable extent been conducted on the basis of US assets permanently stationed in Europe. Europe has also played a logistical role in the United States’ military…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka
Europe’s largest countries have declined to join the initial phase of the US-Israeli strikes against Iran. However, they have condemned the Islamic Republic’s disproportionate and ‘indiscriminate’ retaliatory campaign targeting countries…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska
Since the beginning of January this year, a debate on nuclear deterrence has been under way in Sweden.
Analyses | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 19 February, the President of Lithuania, Gitanas Nausėda, held consultations with government representatives concerning the normalisation of relations with China. A serious crisis in bilateral relations arose in 2021, following the…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…