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OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 21 November, the State Duma approved, at the third reading, the draft federal budget for 2025 and the general parameters of the 2026–27 budgets. Expenditure will increase for another consecutive year, primarily due to spending on…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk
On 17 November, Western media outlets including The New York Times and Le Figaro reported that Ukraine had received approval to use US-made ATACMS ballistic missiles and British/French-made Storm Shadow/SCALP cruise missiles against…
Analyses |
| Katarzyna Chawryło, Marek Menkiszak, Witold Rodkiewicz
Official Russian reactions to Donald Trump’s victory have been reserved yet consistent, giving the impression of a deliberate political signal aimed both at the domestic Russian audience (tempering expectations for a swift end to the war…
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
As a result of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014, and the ensuing Western sanctions, Russia has reoriented its foreign trade towards the East. This is a permanent shift which stems from Russia’s…
Analyses |
| Kamil Całus
On 3 November, Maia Sandu, the de facto leader of the ruling pro-Western Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS), won Moldova’s presidential run-off election. She received 55.4% of the vote, while her opponent Alexandr Stoianoglo, a former…
OSW Report |
| Jakub Ber, Tadeusz Iwański, Marcin Jędrysiak, Sławomir Matuszak, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski
The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has continued for over 30 months, without a clear outcome in sight. Following the unsuccessful Ukrainian offensive in the autumn of 2023, the Russians have taken the initiative on the frontlines;…