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OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak

Relative stabilisation Ukraines economy on the threshold of the fifth year of war

Ukraine’s effective resistance to the Russian invasion over the past four years would not have been possible without a properly functioning economy. Despite the intensity of the ongoing war, the Ukrainian economy has performed surprisingly…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

A grim reality and a brighter future Ukrainian public sentiment in the fifth year of the war

At the outset of the fifth year of the war, Ukrainian society continues to demonstrate resilience and a willingness to resist the aggressor. Russia’s initiative on the front line and the massive aerial attacks on cities and infrastructure…
OSW Commentary | | Ilona Gizińska

OSW update Hungary election no 2

The parliamentary elections on 12 April will test the functioning of Hungary’s electoral system in unprecedented political circumstances, with opinion polls indicating that a single opposition party – TISZA – has a lead over the…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year four of the war the front stabilises negotiations stall

Ukraine has survived the fourth, and arguably most difficult, year of the war. Russian forces maintained the initiative and made battlefield advances, but failed to achieve any significant operational gains or to secure a strategic…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Andrzej Kohut

Trumps deportation policy electoral consequences and social tensions

Internal tensions have been rising in the United States over the strategy to combat illegal immigration adopted by the Donald Trump administration. Several factors have contributed to this situation, including intensified deportations…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Matusiak

What counts is the present Israels alliance with the European right

For many years, Israel under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu has consistently deepened its relations with the European right, including parties of an anti-establishment and nationalist character. An important stage in this process was…
OSW Commentary | | Ilona Gizińska

Sky-high ambitions of the Orbán government Budapests air cargo boom

In recent years, Hungary has seen significant growth in air freight. In 2024, Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport handled nearly 300,000 tonnes of cargo, recording an annual increase of 50% and establishing itself as one of the key…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

Forging a nationalist model army The political prospects of the Azov Movement

In September 2025, President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a decree awarding the rank of brigadier general to Andriy Biletskyi, one of the most influential and prominent leaders of the Ukrainian nationalist movement. The promotion followed his…
OSW Commentary | | Ilona Gizińska

OSW update Hungary election no 1

The parliamentary election scheduled for 12 April in Hungary is set to take place within a wholly new configuration of the political landscape. Fidesz, led by Viktor Orbán and the clear victor in the past four elections, will face a new…