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Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Piotr Szymański
On 31 May, the Danish Environment and Food Appeals Board (Miljø- og Fødevareklagenævnet) revoked the environmental permit for the construction of Baltic Pipe’s onshore part in Denmark, which the Environmental Protection Agency had issued…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
NATO's northern flank plays an increasingly important role in the security of the Euro-Atlantic area. Russia’s forces in the Northern Military District pose not only a conventional threat to Norway, but also a nuclear threat to the whole…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański
On March 5, Estonia updated its long-term National Defence Development Plan for 2017–2026. It has been divided into shorter four-year planning cycles, including a new medium-term one for 2022–2025. After a period of directing most of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
International interest in Greenland has been growing for several years. This trend is a result of the increasing global competition between the US, China and Russia (including in the Arctic) and the acceleration of climate change, which is…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański
In mid-December, the US Army deployed a contingent of approximately 500 soldiers in Pabradė, located to the north-east of Vilnius. The troops will remain in Lithuania for eight months – until mid-2021. This is the third rotation of a US…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
Over the last few years, Tallinn has been increasingly involved in military cooperation in the EU and with France. To date, Estonia is the only country on NATO’s eastern flank to join the French-led European Intervention Initiative. The…
OSW Report |
| Piotr Szymański
In recent years, the Nordic and Baltic region has witnessed a growing interest in the concept of comprehensive security, which hails from the Cold War doctrine of total defence. This originates from the regional pivot to territorial…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański, Sławomir Matuszak
On 30 October the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) issued a permit allowing the construction of Nord Stream 2 in the Danish exclusive economic zone on the route that runs southeast from Bornholm, thereby rejecting the alternative route running…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
In response to the change in the security environment after 2014, militarily non-aligned Sweden and Finland are developing their defence cooperation with NATO and the USA and strengthening their bilateral defence relationship. Although a…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański
For quite some time, territorial defence seemed to be an obsolete need, a leftover from the Cold War era. However, Russia’s overt and covert uses of military force—against Georgia in 2008 and against Ukraine since 2014—have profoundly…