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Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The war between the United States and Israel and Iran, now entering its second week, is increasingly affecting neighbouring the Gulf states that export oil. The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which has been in place for several days, is…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 17 December, the European Parliament formally adopted the text of a regulation intended to complete the EU’s phase-out of natural gas imports from Russia. The agreement had been reached on 3 December during the third round of trilogue…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Maciej Kalwasiński
At the COP30 climate summit in the Brazilian city of Belém, the European Union hopes to reaffirm the importance of efforts to reduce emissions, the effectiveness of the multilateral climate regime, and its own leadership within it. At the…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański, Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Jacek Tarociński
NATO is entering a decisive phase in its efforts to strengthen its deterrence and defence. Faced with the war in Ukraine and the long-term threat posed by Russia, the allies agreed at their recent summit in The Hague to increase defence…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 17 June, the European Commission published a legislative proposal aimed at phasing out gas and oil imports from Russia by EU member states. The document specifically proposes:
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The Israeli attack on Iran, which began on 13 June, has affected energy commodity markets. Prices rose almost immediately, with monthly Brent crude contracts increasing by approximately 8–13%, reaching $75–78 per barrel. Despite airstrikes…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 6 May 2025, the European Commission announced a roadmap proposing measures to ensure the EU’s complete phase-out of Russian energy imports. According to the plan, EU member states are expected to end their purchases of Russian oil, gas…
OSW Report |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…