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Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 17 October, the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of the Netherlands upheld the 2014 arbitration ruling in the ‘Yukos case’, definitively ordering the Russian Federation to pay compensation to the former shareholders of the now-defunct…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak
Around the turn of September and October, Russia launched another wave of attacks against Ukraine’s energy infrastructure. The aggressor has modified its tactics – instead of attempting to trigger a nationwide blackout, as it did in…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian–Ukrainian war has been marked by the unprecedented use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The effectiveness of drones on the battlefield has led to their widespread deployment by the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), enabled by their…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Jacek Tarociński
At the beginning of October, unidentified drones were spotted over Munich Airport, disrupting operations at the facility for several hours. This was yet another incident of its kind in recent weeks. At the end of September, drones were…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 30 September, the Russian government decided to extend restrictions on fuel exports. Until the end of 2025, Russian entities will be completely forbidden from exporting petrol and there will be a partial limitation on the sale of other…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski, Karol Wasilewski
On 25 September, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, met with his American counterpart Donald Trump at the White House. During the visit, a memorandum on strategic co-operation in the field of civil nuclear energy was signed – most…