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Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 30 April, the Russian government approved a draft law to revise the 2025 budget parameters. The government’s new macroeconomic projection assumes, among other things, an average annual oil export price of $56 per barrel (down from the $…
Analyses |
| Marcin Jędrysiak, Sławomir Matuszak
On 30 April, Ukraine’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy Yulia Svyrydenko and US Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent signed an agreement to establish the US–Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund. This new institution…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
Since the beginning of 2025, Russian oil exporters have faced difficulties that are negatively impacting the state’s oil and gas revenues. Sanctions, combined with a strong rouble and falling global oil prices, are increasingly…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
The EU embargo on Russian coal and the resulting need to redirect its supplies to other markets have significantly exacerbated the problems faced by Russia’s coal sector, which is finding it increasingly challenging to generate the…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 17 April, Prime Minister Petr Fiala announced that the Czech Republic had definitively ended its dependence on Russian oil supplies. For the first time in its history, the country was supplied exclusively with crude oil from non-Russian…
OSW Commentary |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 9 February, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia synchronised their electricity networks with those of continental Europe (CESA), using the overland interconnector LitPol Link between Ełk in Poland and Alytus in Lithuania. The three countries…