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Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
After nine months of operating under a provisional financial plan, on 18 September the Bundestag adopted the federal budget for 2025. The delay was a consequence of the collapse of the SPD–Greens–FDP government in autumn 2024, triggered by…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
ANO, the party led by the oligarch and former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš, is the clear frontrunner in the upcoming elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, scheduled for 3–4 October. Since ANO is likely to be an…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Bartosz Chmielewski, Marek Menkiszak
On 19 September, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated Estonian airspace above its territorial waters in the Gulf of Finland, remaining there for 12 minutes at a depth up to 10 kilometres. The aircraft were detected, intercepted, and…
Analyses |
| Marcin Jędrysiak
On 16 September, Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada adopted a law establishing the Specialised District Administrative Court (SOAS) and the Specialised Administrative Court of Appeal (SAAS). The bill was supported by 239 MPs, including 193 from…
Analyses |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska, Karol Wasilewski
On 15 September, a court in Ankara decided to postpone proceedings concerning the general congress of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) until 24 October. The main opposition party had feared a ruling that could remove Özgür Özel from his…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Kędzierski
The steel industry in Germany holds significant economic importance for the development of key sectors, such as automotive manufacturing and machinery production. Its strategic role is further increasing in the context of rising defence…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska
On 11 September, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) annulled the European Commission’s March 2017 decision approving Hungary’s provision of state aid for the expansion of the Paks nuclear power plant – a project carried out…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Górecki
Over the past 35 years, the population of the South Caucasus has increased from approximately 15.7 million to around 17.2 million.[1]This growth is entirely attributable to Azerbaijan, where a relatively high fertility rate persisted until…