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Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Europe’s largest countries have declined to join the initial phase of the US-Israeli strikes against Iran. However, they have condemned the Islamic Republic’s disproportionate and ‘indiscriminate’ retaliatory campaign targeting countries…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
Since the beginning of January this year, a debate on nuclear deterrence has been under way in Sweden.
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 19 February, the President of Lithuania, Gitanas Nausėda, held consultations with government representatives concerning the normalisation of relations with China. A serious crisis in bilateral relations arose in 2021, following the…
OSW Commentary |
| Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Menkiszak
On 17 January, US President Donald Trump announced that he will impose 10% tariffs on products from eight European countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The tariffs are set…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański
On 14 January, the United States, Denmark, and Greenland held trilateral consultations in Washington, attended by Vice President J.D. Vance, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, and the foreign ministers of Denmark and Greenland, Lars Løkke…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski
The economies of the Baltic states have in recent years experienced a series of shocks, triggered by the global pandemic and the outbreak of the full-scale war in Ukraine. Nearly four years of turbulence have led to a reshaping of regional…