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Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

Sovereign yet forward-oriented towards Europe the evolution of Frances nuclear deterrence doctrine

In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Suspension of LNG exports from Qatar – the spectre of another gas crisis

The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses | | Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski

Mutual attacks on border energy infrastructure Day 1322 of the war

Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński, Andrzej Kohut, Piotr Szymański

Consequences of the discontinuation of the Baltic Security Initiative by the Trump administration

On 5 September, citing an anonymous White House source, the Financial Times reported that the Trump administration’s budget proposal for fiscal year 2026 (1 October 2025 – 30 September 2026) does not envisage continued funding for the…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

The NB8 group and other formats of security cooperation in the Baltic Sea region

Following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO, cooperation between the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and…
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…