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OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Wankiewicz-Kłoczko
Thirty years after the signing of the Dayton Agreement, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) remains a state mired in persistent institutional crises. The country’s existing political and constitutional model is a direct legacy of the constitution…
OSW Commentary |
| OSWs Central European Department
The sanctions imposed by the United States on Russia’s two largest oil companies on 22 October carry significant consequences for those Central European countries that have maintained their energy ties to Russia. Although the EU has…
OSW Commentary |
| Sandra Baniak-Stachowiak
On 29 October 2025, the Rijeka Gateway container terminal was officially opened in the presence of Croatian Prime Minister, Andrej Plenković, Danish Foreign Minister, Lars Løkke Rasmussen, and Keith Svendsen, the CEO of APM Terminals,…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Maciej Kalwasiński
At the COP30 climate summit in the Brazilian city of Belém, the European Union hopes to reaffirm the importance of efforts to reduce emissions, the effectiveness of the multilateral climate regime, and its own leadership within it. At the…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
Low export prices for crude oil and the slowdown in economic activity that has persisted since mid-2024 have severely constrained the Kremlin’s financial capacity and forced the government to undertake a major revision of its economic…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian–Ukrainian war has been marked by the unprecedented use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The effectiveness of drones on the battlefield has led to their widespread deployment by the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), enabled by their…
OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Uznańska
The year 2025, marking the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the European Union and the People’s Republic of China, is also going down in the history of their mutual relations as the period when Beijing…
OSW Commentary |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
The trade war between the United States and China has triggered serious economic repercussions for the EU, including Germany. In response to Washington’s tariff increases in April 2025, Beijing not only raised duties on US goods but also…
OSW Commentary |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
The Putin regime has spent over two decades gradually stripping local governments of their autonomy as part of a consistent process of state centralisation. The effective dismantling of the local government system is now nearing completion…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
ANO, the party led by the oligarch and former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš, is the clear frontrunner in the upcoming elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, scheduled for 3–4 October. Since ANO is likely to be an…