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OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Seven lean years Romanias struggle with record high debt

Romania has been grappling with exceptionally high public debt since 2020. It was then that the budget deficit reached 9.3% of GDP, prompting the European Union to place the country under the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). Despite this…
OSW Commentary | | OSWs Central European Department

A blow to Russias influence in Central Europe US sanctions target Russias oil sector

The sanctions imposed by the United States on Russia’s two largest oil companies on 22 October carry significant consequences for those Central European countries that have maintained their energy ties to Russia. Although the EU has…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Election in Moldova PAS wins an outright majority once again

On 28 September, a parliamentary election was held in Moldova, in which the ruling pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS), linked to President Maia Sandu, won with over 50% of the vote. The pro-Russian Patriotic Electoral…
Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński, Andrzej Kohut, Piotr Szymański

Consequences of the discontinuation of the Baltic Security Initiative by the Trump administration

On 5 September, citing an anonymous White House source, the Financial Times reported that the Trump administration’s budget proposal for fiscal year 2026 (1 October 2025 – 30 September 2026) does not envisage continued funding for the…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus, Adam Michalski, Jan Nowinowski, Jacek Tarociński

Romania Bulgaria and Turkey in the Black Sea region increased cooperation

The Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has heightened security risks for NATO allies in the Black Sea region, namely Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey. These countries differ in how they perceive the challenges and threats, as…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

New government in Romania a grand coalition facing major challenges

On 23 June, the Romanian parliament passed a vote of confidence in the new coalition government led by Ilie Bolojan, leader of the centre-right National Liberal Party (PNL) and, until recently, acting president (from February to May 2025…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Pro-European mayor of Bucharest elected as Romanias new president

In the second round of Romania’s repeat presidential election on 18 May, Nicușor Dan emerged victorious. The independent, pro-European, centre-right politician who advocates continued support for Ukraine, secured 53.6% of the vote. He…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania coalition crisis resulting from the first round of the presidential election

In the first round of Romania’s repeated presidential election held on 4 May, George Simion, leader of the opposition national-conservative and sovereigntist Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), won the most votes, securing 40.96%.…