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OSW Commentary | | Michał Kędzierski

Germany doubles down on gas the next phase of the Energiewende

Germany has adopted a new financial support mechanism to incentivise energy companies to build a series of new gas-fired power plants, which are expected to enter operation in late 2031 and early 2032. The scheme is intended as a…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Between the hammer and the anvil the challenges facing Ukraines local government in wartime

Ukraine began efforts to establish a modern system of local government before Russia’s full-scale invasion. Although the reform remained incomplete, it is widely regarded as a success, even in its unfinished form, and as one of the factors…
OSW Commentary | | Jan Nowinowski

Catching the last train Montenegro on the road to EU membership

Twenty years after declaring independence, Montenegro is the most advanced candidate currently in the EU accession process. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has provided fresh impetus to EU enlargement, not only in the eastern…
OSW Commentary | | Adam Michalski

The bedrock of security NATO in Turkeys Policy

NATO remains the fundamental pillar of Turkey’s security and its most important framework for defence cooperation with the West. Turkey wants to be seen as indispensable to the Alliance’s south-eastern flank: a state with substantial…
OSW Commentary | | Filip Rudnik

When trouble strikes turn to the Kremlin how the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz benefits Russias oil exports

The war in the Persian Gulf and the resulting disruption to global hydrocarbon markets have strengthened Russia’s position as an energy exporter. The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz gave rise to shortages of crude oil, refined fuels and…
OSW Commentary | | Andrzej Kohut

Tech oligarchs in the US the mutual dependence between the Trump administration and Silicon Valley

The development of advanced technologies is critical to the United States’ economic future and national security. Chief executives of the country’s largest technology companies have gained significant political influence, not only because…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark, Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

Waiting for reforms the future of the German welfare state

Friedrich Merz won the 2025 election on a promise to rebuild the capacity of the state. He pledged to curb illegal migration, take the initiative in European policy and deliver far-reaching economic and social reforms. While a shift in…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Dębiec

Deeper reconciliation or reopening old wounds Controversy over the gathering of the German expellee association in the Czech Republic

The annual gathering of the Sudeten German Homeland Association – the largest organisation representing Germans expelled from Czechoslovakia and their descendants – has sparked considerable political controversy and media debate in the…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Górecki

Armenia ahead of the election between Russia and the West

The parliamentary election scheduled for 7 June will determine the future direction of Armenia’s foreign and domestic policy. A likely victory for Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan’s Civil Contract party would mean the continuation of the…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

The Great Wall of Lights the global impact of Chinas distant-water fishing fleet

China’s distant-water fishing (DWF) fleet is an armada of vessels that the state subsidises, controls, protects and organises, either directly or indirectly. While engaged in commercial fishing activities – many of them illegal and often…