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Analyses |
| Kacper Sienicki
On 18 February, Ukraine imposed sanctions on Alyaksandr Lukashenka owing to Belarus’s growing involvement in supporting Russia’s war effort and circumventing the sanctions regime.
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Kamil Całus
On 11 February, Moldovan Deputy Prime Minister for Reintegration, Valeriu Chiveri, announced the creation of a so-called convergence fund, which will be financed from resources provided by international partners, particularly the EU and…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Daria Zielińska
Kazakhstan’s oil sector is facing a serious crisis due to reduced throughput of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), caused by Ukrainian drone attacks in November 2025 and January of this year. The CPC pipeline transports about 1% of…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Jan Nowinowski
On 19 January, the Hungarian oil and gas company MOL announced that it had signed a binding heads of agreement with the Russian petrochemical company Gazprom Neft to purchase a 56.2% stake in Serbia’s fuel company NIS. Within this package…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Matusiak, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 22 January in Davos, representatives of 20 states signed the Charter of the Board of Peace established by Donald Trump (see Appendix). The concept of the board first appeared in a 20-point peace plan for Gaza presented by the United…