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Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Jacek Tarociński
During French President Emmanuel Macron’s visit to the United Kingdom from 8 to 10 July, the two countries signed new agreements aimed at enhancing their defence cooperation, specifically in the fields of nuclear policy, land force…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Jacek Tarociński
On 4 July, President Donald Trump signed a reconciliation bill, concluding months of negotiations in the US Congress over its final form. The legislation enables adjustments to the budget for the ongoing fiscal year and represents a key…
Analyses |
| Jan Nowinowski
On 8 July, the EU’s Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) approved Bulgaria’s accession to the eurozone, effective from 1 January 2026. Earlier reports by the European Commission and the European Central Bank confirmed that Sofia…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
Following a power system failure around midday on 4 July, the electricity supply was temporarily cut off to approximately one million consumption points in the Czech Republic – roughly one sixth of the total. The blackout affected six of…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
In June, two years passed since Mehmet Şimşek assumed office as Minister of Treasury and Finance, under whose leadership the Turkish economy has been gradually emerging from a prolonged crisis marked by depreciation of the lira, high…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor
Analyses |
| Kamil Całus
On 4 July, the first EU–Moldova summit was held in Chișinău. It was attended by the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Council, António Costa, and representatives of the Moldovan…
Analyses |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
On 3 July, Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs accepted the credentials of the Taliban government's representative in Moscow. With this act, Russia became the first country in the world to officially recognise the Islamic Emirate of…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Kacper Sienicki, Andrzej Wilk
On 1 July, Politico reported that the Pentagon had halted some deliveries of US weapons to Ukraine. The following day, a Pentagon spokesperson confirmed the report. According to Ukrainian sources, the decision affects all categories of…
Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
The central element of the new investment programme in Germany will be tax incentives for companies. Between 2025 and 2027, these will take the form of declining-balance depreciation of movable fixed assets, and, starting in 2028, a…