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OSW Report |
| Jolanta Darczewska
What is this book about? It demonstrates that the current wartime narrative – namely, that “Russia is the victim of a Western conspiracy and bears no responsibility for the outbreak of the war” – is deeply rooted in a historical and…
Point of View |
| Katarzyna Chawryło
Table of contents
MAIN POINTS
INTRODUCTION
I. DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA IN RUSSIA – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND, ORGANISATION, FUNDING
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…
OSW Report |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Point of View |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Report |
Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine is in a critical phase: The Russian military is making territorial gains while Western support for Ukraine is stagnant. Add to this the massive uncertainty about the future US policy. In this…
OSW Report |
| Kamil Kłysiński
When compared to other sectors of the Belarusian economy, agriculture is most affected by the country’s Soviet heritage. Since Belarus regained independence, large state-owned farms operating on the basis of the former sovkhozes and…
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
As a result of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014, and the ensuing Western sanctions, Russia has reoriented its foreign trade towards the East. This is a permanent shift which stems from Russia’s…
OSW Report |
| Jakub Ber, Tadeusz Iwański, Marcin Jędrysiak, Sławomir Matuszak, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski
The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has continued for over 30 months, without a clear outcome in sight. Following the unsuccessful Ukrainian offensive in the autumn of 2023, the Russians have taken the initiative on the frontlines;…
OSW Report |
| Marek Menkiszak
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…