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OSW Commentary | | OSW team

A multi-speed mobilisation NATOs eastern flank one year after the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has challenged the security of the countries of NATO's eastern flank on an unprecedented scale. The Baltic states, the Visegrad Group and the Black Sea states are all situated in the neighbourhood of Ukraine…
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska

Sweden and Finland on the threshold of NATO membership

On 17 May, the foreign ministers of Sweden and Finland signed their applications to join the North Atlantic Alliance, and these were officially submitted to NATO in Brussels a day later. This marked the end of a process of revolutionary…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

High North high priority – Norway and the defence of NATOs northern flank

NATO's northern flank plays an increasingly important role in the security of the Euro-Atlantic area. Russia’s forces in the Northern Military District pose not only a conventional threat to Norway, but also a nuclear threat to the whole…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Wrestling in Greenland Denmark the United States and China in the land of ice

International interest in Greenland has been growing for several years. This trend is a result of the increasing global competition between the US, China and Russia (including in the Arctic) and the acceleration of climate change, which is…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Seeking an additional reassurance The EU and France in Estonias security policy

Over the last few years, Tallinn has been increasingly involved in military cooperation in the EU and with France. To date, Estonia is the only country on NATO’s eastern flank to join the French-led European Intervention Initiative. The…
OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Vilnius cancels Lukashenka Lithuanias policy on the Belarus crisis

The Lithuanian government has not recognised the legality of the election of Alyaksandr Lukashenka as President of the Republic of Belarus, and it now regards the opposition as their main partner. Lithuania has taken on the role of…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś

Gazproms interests hit by CJEU judgment on OPAL pipeline

On 10 September, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) annulled a decision issued by the European Commission on 28 October 2016 allowing the Russian Gazprom to send greater volumes of gas through the OPAL pipeline. The CJEU…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

The northern tandem The Swedish-Finnish defence cooperation

In response to the change in the security environment after 2014, militarily non-aligned Sweden and Finland are developing their defence cooperation with NATO and the USA and strengthening their bilateral defence relationship. Although a…
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

NATOs Northeast Quartet Prospects and Opportunities for Baltic-Polish Defence Cooperation

For quite some time, territorial defence seemed to be an obsolete need, a leftover from the Cold War era. However, Russia’s overt and covert uses of military force—against Georgia in 2008 and against Ukraine since 2014—have profoundly…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Overstretched Denmarks security policy and armed forces in light of the new Defence Agreement

In January 2018, Denmark adopted a new Defence Agreement for 2018–2023 – a cross-party strategy for the development of the Danish armed forces.