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OSW Commentary | | Witold Rodkiewicz, Filip Rudnik, Iwona Wiśniewska

Gains amid mounting challenges the consequences of the war in Iran for Russia

The US-Israeli attack on Iran has had varied consequences for Russia. In political and strategic terms, the challenge posed by the Trump administration’s policy based on the use of force – targeting Moscow’s allies and exposing its…
OSW Report | | OSWs Russian Department

Russias vulnerabilities. How the West can exploit them and win the systemic war

  Table of contents MAIN POINTS INTRODUCTION
OSW Commentary | | Miłosz Bartosiewicz

More than life at stake the uncertain future of the Kadyrov regime in Chechnya

The regime of Ramzan Kadyrov, which governs the Chechen Republic, enjoys a level of internal autonomy vis-à-vis Moscow that is unparalleled within the Russian Federation, thereby conferring on Chechnya a distinct status compared with other…
OSW Commentary | | Adam Michalski

Turkeys LNG game amid the war in the Middle East

In 2025, Turkey increased its LNG imports by more than 32% year-on-year, enabling a genuine diversification of suppliers. The rise resulted from the availability of liquefied gas and growing domestic demand, driven by macroeconomic…
OSW Commentary | | Filip Rudnik

Chaos is a blessing the attack on Iran and the future of sanctions on Russian oil

The fall in Russia’s oil and gas revenues observed since mid-2025, driven by falling global oil prices and a strong rouble, has deepened further owing to steep discounts applied to Russian crude in the final months of last year. These…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

A grim reality and a brighter future Ukrainian public sentiment in the fifth year of the war

At the outset of the fifth year of the war, Ukrainian society continues to demonstrate resilience and a willingness to resist the aggressor. Russia’s initiative on the front line and the massive aerial attacks on cities and infrastructure…
Point of View | | Maria Domańska

The Kremlins Loyal Praetorians. Russia’s ruling elite in wartime Putinism

    Contents MAIN POINTS INTRODUCTION I. THE BALANCE OF POWER WITHIN THE RUSSIAN RULING ELITE
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year four of the war the front stabilises negotiations stall

Ukraine has survived the fourth, and arguably most difficult, year of the war. Russian forces maintained the initiative and made battlefield advances, but failed to achieve any significant operational gains or to secure a strategic…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…