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OSW Commentary | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

Russias budget under pressure from low oil prices

Since the beginning of 2025, Russian oil exporters have faced difficulties that are negatively impacting the state’s oil and gas revenues. Sanctions, combined with a strong rouble and falling global oil prices, are increasingly…
OSW Commentary | | Filip Rudnik

Russian coal on the global market difficulties and weak prospects

The EU embargo on Russian coal and the resulting need to redirect its supplies to other markets have significantly exacerbated the problems faced by Russia’s coal sector, which is finding it increasingly challenging to generate the…
OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Baltic de-risking the Baltic states sever energy ties with Russia

On 9 February, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia synchronised their electricity networks with those of continental Europe (CESA), using the overland interconnector LitPol Link between Ełk in Poland and Alytus in Lithuania. The three countries…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Strachota, Karol Wasilewski, Marek Matusiak

No prospect for stability internal and regional drivers of the situation in Syria

When Bashar al-Assad’s regime was toppled in December 2024, Syria entered a process of forming a new political and constitutional order. The victorious faction, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which formally disbanded on 29 January, and its…