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OSW Commentary | | Lidia Gibadło, Sebastian Płóciennik

Europes engine seizing up French-German relations during the polycrisis

The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have highlighted the differences in interests between Paris and Berlin, and caused tension to accumulate in their bilateral relations. The significance of this tension goes beyond the purely…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Kędzierski

Germany how the gas sector changed in the crisis year of 2022

Due to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and the mounting energy and gas crisis in Europe, 2022 saw a spell of permanent crisis management in the German energy sector, in particular gas. The structure of Germany’s imports has changed…