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Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański
In 2026, changes in transatlantic relations ushered NATO into a period of restructuring. As part of the US concept of NATO 3.0, Washington announced a significant reduction in its military contribution to NATO’s defence plans for Europe in…
OSW Commentary |
| Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…