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Analyses | | Jacek Tarociński

Operation Epic Fury and the US military presence in Europe

Operation Epic Fury, launched against Iran on 28 February, has to a considerable extent been conducted on the basis of US assets permanently stationed in Europe. Europe has also played a logistical role in the United States’ military…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

Sovereign yet forward-oriented towards Europe the evolution of Frances nuclear deterrence doctrine

In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

The E3 and the EU in response to the attack on Iran reluctantly aligned with the US

Europe’s largest countries have declined to join the initial phase of the US-Israeli strikes against Iran. However, they have condemned the Islamic Republic’s disproportionate and ‘indiscriminate’ retaliatory campaign targeting countries…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Sometimes it is better not to talk Pitfalls of potential dialogue between Europe and Russia

In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…