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OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Between the hammer and the anvil the challenges facing Ukraines local government in wartime

Ukraine began efforts to establish a modern system of local government before Russia’s full-scale invasion. Although the reform remained incomplete, it is widely regarded as a success, even in its unfinished form, and as one of the factors…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Kędzierski

Germany doubles down on gas the next phase of the Energiewende

Germany has adopted a new financial support mechanism to incentivise energy companies to build a series of new gas-fired power plants, which are expected to enter operation in late 2031 and early 2032. The scheme is intended as a…
OSW Commentary | | Jan Nowinowski

Catching the last train Montenegro on the road to EU membership

Twenty years after declaring independence, Montenegro is the most advanced candidate currently in the EU accession process. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has provided fresh impetus to EU enlargement, not only in the eastern…
OSW Commentary | | Adam Michalski

The bedrock of security NATO in Turkeys Policy

NATO remains the fundamental pillar of Turkey’s security and its most important framework for defence cooperation with the West. Turkey wants to be seen as indispensable to the Alliance’s south-eastern flank: a state with substantial…