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Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
Operation Epic Fury, launched against Iran on 28 February, has to a considerable extent been conducted on the basis of US assets permanently stationed in Europe. Europe has also played a logistical role in the United States’ military…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Europe’s largest countries have declined to join the initial phase of the US-Israeli strikes against Iran. However, they have condemned the Islamic Republic’s disproportionate and ‘indiscriminate’ retaliatory campaign targeting countries…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
Since the beginning of January this year, a debate on nuclear deterrence has been under way in Sweden.