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OSW Commentary | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

At the monopolists mercy Germanys dependence on Chinese rare earth elements

The trade war between the United States and China has triggered serious economic repercussions for the EU, including Germany. In response to Washington’s tariff increases in April 2025, Beijing not only raised duties on US goods but also…
OSW Commentary | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

The CDUCSU–SPD government facing economic challenges

According to the government forecast, the German economy will remain stagnant in 2025, marking the third consecutive year without GDP growth. The CDU/CSU–SPD coalition faces the urgent task of implementing comprehensive reforms aimed at…
OSW Commentary | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska

The debt brake Germany in a crisis of uncertainty

The debt brake (Schuldenbremse) is a German constitutional rule introduced during the global financial crisis in 2009 to ensure the country’s financial stability. Under this mechanism, the annual federal deficit cannot exceed 0.35% of GDP…