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Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

Sovereign yet forward-oriented towards Europe the evolution of Frances nuclear deterrence doctrine

In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

The E3 and the EU in response to the attack on Iran reluctantly aligned with the US

Europe’s largest countries have declined to join the initial phase of the US-Israeli strikes against Iran. However, they have condemned the Islamic Republic’s disproportionate and ‘indiscriminate’ retaliatory campaign targeting countries…
Analyses | | Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Menkiszak

Trump escalates dispute over Greenland by targeting European allies with tariffs

On 17 January, US President Donald Trump announced that he will impose 10% tariffs on products from eight European countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The tariffs are set…