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Analyses |
| Adam Michalski, Krzysztof Strachota
On 7 August, in Mecca, Turkey, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, which aims to enhance collective deterrence and improve coordination and integration of the three countries’ defence capabilities. In a…
Analyses |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska, Adam Michalski
On 10 August, Turkey’s parliament passed a law establishing a legal mechanism enabling former Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) militants to return to civilian life. The legislation was backed by the governing camp, the pro-Kurdish Peoples’…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
Amid the war in Ukraine and instability in the Middle East, the South Caucasus is gaining importance as a transit region linking Europe and Asia. This is particularly true of Georgia, which serves as the central hub of the Middle Corridor…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
On 25 March, Turkey and the United Kingdom signed an agreement concerning the maintenance and operation of Eurofighter Typhoon multirole aircraft, purchased by the Turkish Air Force last year. The agreement provides, among other things,…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
On 6 February 2026, the EU Commissioner for Enlargement, Marta Kos, arrived in Ankara, where she met the Minister of Treasury and Finance, Mehmet Şimşek, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Hakan Fidan, among other officials. During the…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
In 2025, Turkey reoriented its policy towards Libya, drawing both politically and militarily closer to its former rival, Khalifa Haftar – the leader of the Libyan National Army, which controls the eastern part of the country. The clearest…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski, Karol Wasilewski
On 25 September, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, met with his American counterpart Donald Trump at the White House. During the visit, a memorandum on strategic co-operation in the field of civil nuclear energy was signed – most…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
On 1 September, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan met Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in China. Their discussions covered bilateral relations and energy cooperation, with a particular focus on the Akkuyu…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski
In June, two years passed since Mehmet Şimşek assumed office as Minister of Treasury and Finance, under whose leadership the Turkish economy has been gradually emerging from a prolonged crisis marked by depreciation of the lira, high…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski
On 11 February, Turkey’s Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, Alparslan Bayraktar, announced the signing of an agreement between the state-controlled energy company BOTAŞ and Turkmenistan’s Türkmengaz. Under this swap contract,…