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Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Piotr Szymański
On 31 May, the Danish Environment and Food Appeals Board (Miljø- og Fødevareklagenævnet) revoked the environmental permit for the construction of Baltic Pipe’s onshore part in Denmark, which the Environmental Protection Agency had issued…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański, Sławomir Matuszak
On 30 October the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) issued a permit allowing the construction of Nord Stream 2 in the Danish exclusive economic zone on the route that runs southeast from Bornholm, thereby rejecting the alternative route running…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś
On 10 September, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) annulled a decision issued by the European Commission on 28 October 2016 allowing the Russian Gazprom to send greater volumes of gas through the OPAL pipeline. The CJEU…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 5 September, the Nord Stream 2 company began laying the first pipes in the Gulf of Finland, thus marking the start of the gas pipeline’s construction. 
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański
On 28 March, the European Commission sent a letter to the governments of Denmark and Sweden, in which it confirmed its position on Nord Stream 2.