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OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański, Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Jacek Tarociński

Fuelling defence expanding NATOs pipeline system to the eastern flank

NATO is entering a decisive phase in its efforts to strengthen its deterrence and defence. Faced with the war in Ukraine and the long-term threat posed by Russia, the allies agreed at their recent summit in The Hague to increase defence…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

The EUs gas market in 2025 Russian gas new US policy and strategic uncertainties

The EU gas market faces a turbulent year in 2025. With the cessation of Russian gas transit through Ukraine from 1 January and a significant depletion of storage reserves during the winter season, concerns over rising prices in the next…