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OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański, Bartosz Chmielewski, Marek Menkiszak
On 19 September, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated Estonian airspace above its territorial waters in the Gulf of Finland, remaining there for 12 minutes at a depth up to 10 kilometres. The aircraft were detected, intercepted, and…
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…