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OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś
Although the importance of global climate challenges is systematically growing, the actions which the Russian authorities have undertaken in this area to date have been very limited. Moscow has not evaded international cooperation to…
OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś
In recent years, numerous countries have adopted their national hydrogen strategies and begun to implement them. In July 2020, the European Union also adopted its strategic document in this field. Although the actions described in the…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś, Kamil Kłysiński
On 15 May, Foreign Minister Uladzimir Makey announced that the US would start supplying Belarus with oil, with the first delivery to be made in June to the port in Klaipeda (Argus reports that this will be 90,000 tonnes) and then unloaded…
Analyses |
| Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś
On May 15, Germany’s Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) rejected the Nord Stream 2 company’s request to grant the Nord Stream 2 pipeline derogations from the EU’s gas directive. The agency did not share the economic and functional…
OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś, Wojciech Konończuk
A five-year contract concerning Russian gas transit via Ukraine was signed after four days of negotiations on 30 December 2019. The previous contract expired on 1 January 2020. The EU-brokered talks between Moscow and Kyiv preceding the…
OSW Report |
| Maria Domańska, Szymon Kardaś, Marek Menkiszak, Jadwiga Rogoża, Andrzej Wilk, Iwona Wiśniewska, Piotr Żochowski
The purpose of the present paper is to analyse the most important changes that have taken place in the Kaliningrad Oblast since 2016. Part One analyses the dynamics of the political and social situation with special focus on: changes in…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański, Sławomir Matuszak
On 30 October the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) issued a permit allowing the construction of Nord Stream 2 in the Danish exclusive economic zone on the route that runs southeast from Bornholm, thereby rejecting the alternative route running…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś
On 10 September, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) annulled a decision issued by the European Commission on 28 October 2016 allowing the Russian Gazprom to send greater volumes of gas through the OPAL pipeline. The CJEU…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś, Jadwiga Rogoża
On 17 May, during a two-day meeting in Helsinki, the Council of Europe’s Committee of Ministers (the organisation’s key decision-making body) adopted a declaration in which it supported the restoration of full voting rights to the Russian…
Analyses |
| Szymon Kardaś, Wojciech Konończuk
On 19 April, the Belarusian oil company Belneftekhim reported a significant deterioration in the quality of Russian oil transmitted to Belarus via the Druzhba pipeline. The level of organochlorine compounds was dozens of times over the…