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Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The US-Israeli attack on Iran and its regional repercussions have significantly affected global energy markets, most notably the gas market. On 2 March, Qatar, the world’s third-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, announced a…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 19 February, the President of Lithuania, Gitanas Nausėda, held consultations with government representatives concerning the normalisation of relations with China. A serious crisis in bilateral relations arose in 2021, following the…
OSW Commentary |
| Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski
The economies of the Baltic states have in recent years experienced a series of shocks, triggered by the global pandemic and the outbreak of the full-scale war in Ukraine. Nearly four years of turbulence have led to a reshaping of regional…