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OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
Despite Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Rosatom, unlike many other Russian energy companies, has not faced significant Western sanctions. This has enabled it to continue operating in the key area of supplying nuclear technology to…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus
Romania has been grappling with exceptionally high public debt since 2020. It was then that the budget deficit reached 9.3% of GDP, prompting the European Union to place the country under the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). Despite this…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
Since 28 December 2025, Iran has witnessed nationwide, violent protests driven by social and political grievances. The unrest intensified on 8 January, when large-scale demonstrations were held in Tehran and other major cities, including…
Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark
On 3 January, there was an attack on the power grid in Steglitz-Zehlendorf, one of Berlin’s southern districts. Following the arson of a cable bridge, around 45,000 households – approximately 100,000 people – and over 2,200 businesses lost…
Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
According to a report by the German Economic Institute in Cologne (IW Köln), in the first three quarters of 2025 Germany’s exports of goods and services increased by 0.25% year on year, despite a decline in sales to its two most important…
OSW Commentary |
| Andrzej Kohut
Recent weeks have been dominated by negotiations involving the United States, Ukraine, and Europe aimed at ending the Russia-Ukraine war, including efforts to draft post-conflict security guarantees for Ukraine and debates surrounding the…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Kacper Sienicki
On 6 January, another meeting of the so-called Coalition of the Willing was held in Paris (see: ‘The Coalition of the Willing on security guarantees for Ukraine: less ambitious, more concrete’), focusing on Western security guarantees for…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski
The economies of the Baltic states have in recent years experienced a series of shocks, triggered by the global pandemic and the outbreak of the full-scale war in Ukraine. Nearly four years of turbulence have led to a reshaping of regional…
Analyses |
| Piotr Żochowski
On 2 January, President Volodymyr Zelensky carried out a reshuffle within the structures responsible for the state’s security policy. Among the key personnel changes, he appointed Kyrylo Budanov, who formerly led Ukrainian military…