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OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak
Ukraine’s economy is probably under greater strain than at any point since spring 2022, with overlapping crises across several sectors threatening to exacerbate the general situation. The de facto blockade of Ukraine’s Black Sea ports,…
OSW Commentary |
| Jan Nowinowski
On 25 October, Serbia will hold its third snap parliamentary election in the last six years. The election was called following months of student demonstrations, which erupted after the collapse of a railway station canopy in Novi Sad in…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Kłysiński
The personalist nature of Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s regime, his advancing age (72) and recurring signs of declining health have made the question of succession increasingly important. The dictator himself has done little to clarify the issue…
OSW Report |
| OSW team
Contents
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Górecki, Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
Contemporary Kazakhstan is gradually becoming a Kazakh nation-state, a process that is reshaping its national identity policy. Although the country remains multi-ethnic, the proportion of ethnic Kazakhs continues to rise, as do proficiency…
OSW Commentary |
| Konrad Popławski
Negotiations on the EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for 2028–34 present a classic case of trying to square the circle. The EU faces a rapidly growing array of challenges, from reindustrialisation and investment in security to…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Krzysztof Dębiec
Since the outbreak of war in the Persian Gulf, Europe has faced growing difficulties in its market for refined petroleum products. Although the Strait of Hormuz has been gradually reopening since the second half of September, allowing…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Strachota
Since 28 February this year, the United States and Israel have been embroiled in an armed conflict with Iran. Neither the military operations nor the pressure aimed at destabilising the Iranian system have proved sufficient to achieve the…
OSW Commentary |
| Maria Domańska
Between 18 and 20 September, Russia held parliamentary elections to determine the make-up of the new 450-member State Duma, the lower house of parliament. The vote coincided with an annual series of regional and local elections. For the…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
France’s defence industry received a major boost following the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In 2025, the French armed forces and foreign customers placed orders worth around €58 billion, almost three times the value of…