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Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 17 April, Prime Minister Petr Fiala announced that the Czech Republic had definitively ended its dependence on Russian oil supplies. For the first time in its history, the country was supplied exclusively with crude oil from non-Russian…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Konończuk
Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 16 November, Russia’s Gazprom Export ceased supplying gas to Austria’s OMV under a long-term contract. Its terms envisioned the delivery of around 5 TWh of gas (0.5 bcm) monthly till 2040. The cessation of supplies follows the OMV’s win…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Paulina Wankiewicz
In July, the Russian oil company Lukoil ceased its oil supplies to Slovakia and Hungary due to sanctions imposed by Ukraine.
Analyses |
| OSWs Central European Department
Following Ukraine's decision on 24 June to extend sanctions on the Russian oil company Lukoil, including the transit of oil through Ukrainian territory, the company suspended deliveries via the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline,…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 2 July, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and President Volodymyr Zelensky met in Kyiv. This was his first visit to Ukraine in seven years, taking place a day after Budapest assumed the rotating presidency of the Council of the…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Russian forces have made slight advances in the Avdiivka area, narrowing the width of the belt linking the town to Ukrainian-controlled areas to 6–8 km. They are also moving north and south-west of Bakhmut, where, according to the…