The development of the ‘16+1’ format largely reflected China’s strategic aims defined at the beginning of the diplomatic offensive in the region.

One of the principal aims underlying China’s development of the ‘16+1’ format is to increase its soft power in Europe.

The new Chinese agenda to actively develop trade cooperation with the CEE region particularly emphasised one sector of trade.

From Beijing’s point of view, the way President Xi’s visit unfolded reflects the desirable form of bilateral relations between China and European countries.

The agreements highlight Russia’s increasing determination to open itself up to Chinese investments in strategic sectors.

The main challenge for the Chinese leadership at present is to regain investors’ confidence.

The document reveals the current priorities in Chinese foreign and security policy and serves as a political signal to the rest of the world.

Nothing seems to indicate that Xi Jinping’s visit could change the model of relations existing currently in place between Belarus and China.

Xi Jinping’s visit to Moscow displayed a commonality of interests between Russia and China in the context of both countries’ historical policies.

Regardless of the limited effectiveness of activities carried out so far, China has continued its ‘16+1’ initiative.